Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type, accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. It typically grows and spreads more slowly than small cell lung cancer. NSCLC can further be divided into subtypes based on the types of cells involved, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 10-15% of lung cancer cases. This type of cancer tends to grow and spread more rapidly than NSCLC. SCLC is strongly associated with smoking, and it is often diagnosed in individuals with a history of heavy smoking.
The primary cause of lung cancer is long-term exposure to substances that damage the lung cells, primarily cigarette smoke. However, non-smokers can also develop lung cancer due to exposure to secondhand smoke, environmental pollutants, radon gas, asbestos, and genetic factors.
The symptoms of lung cancer may vary, but common signs include a persistent cough, coughing up blood, chest pain, shortness of breath, hoarseness, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and recurring respiratory infections. However, in the early stages, lung cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms, leading to late-stage diagnosis in some cases.
The prognosis and treatment options for lung cancer depend on several factors, such as the type and stage of cancer, overall health, and individual preferences. Treatment approaches may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these methods. Early detection through screening programs and adopting a healthy lifestyle, including smoking cessation, can significantly reduce the risk of developing lung cancer.
It is important to consult with healthcare professionals for an accurate diagnosis, personalized treatment plan, and ongoing support when dealing with lung cancer.