Pancreatic cancer is known for its aggressive nature and the difficulty in diagnosing it at an early stage. The cancer cells typically multiply rapidly and can spread to surrounding tissues and organs, as well as distant parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs, and abdominal cavity.
There are two primary types of pancreatic cancer:
Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer: This is the most common type, accounting for about 95% of cases. It develops in the cells that line the ducts of the pancreas, which are responsible for producing digestive enzymes. Within this type, adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent form.
Endocrine Pancreatic Cancer: Also known as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) or islet cell tumors, these are relatively rare and originate in the hormone-producing cells (islet cells) of the pancreas. These tumors can produce various hormones, which may lead to distinct symptoms.
Pancreatic cancer often goes undetected until it reaches advanced stages, primarily due to the lack of specific early symptoms and the deep location of the pancreas. However, as the disease progresses, individuals may experience symptoms such as abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), loss of appetite, fatigue, and digestive problems.
The risk factors associated with pancreatic cancer include advanced age, smoking, a family history of the disease, chronic pancreatitis, obesity, diabetes, and certain inherited genetic conditions.
Treatment options for pancreatic cancer depend on the stage and extent of the disease, as well as the individual’s overall health. They may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and palliative care to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Pancreatic cancer has a relatively low survival rate, with many cases being diagnosed at an advanced stage. However, ongoing research and advancements in treatment options offer hope for improved outcomes in the future. It is crucial to raise awareness, encourage early detection, and support research efforts to enhance the prognosis for individuals affected by pancreatic cancer.